Language coverage
Tuned for roughly 49 languages, tested to date in English, Filipino / Tagalog; other languages may work with reduced accuracy or may not be usable at all.
Source: sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's own published tuning list (YAML frontmatter 'language:' list, retrieved 2026-08-15), merged with this project's real fixture results — generated at build time, never hand-typed.
| Language | BCP-47 | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | ar | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Bulgarian | bg | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Catalan | ca | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Czech | cs | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Danish | da | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| German | de | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Greek | el | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| English | en | verified | every linguistic fixture in this project's test suite is authored and verified in English |
| Spanish | es | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Estonian | et | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Persian | fa | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Finnish | fi | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| French | fr | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Galician | gl | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Gujarati | gu | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Hebrew | he | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Hindi | hi | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Croatian | hr | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Hungarian | hu | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Armenian | hy | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Indonesian | id | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Italian | it | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Japanese | ja | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Georgian | ka | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Korean | ko | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Kurdish | ku | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Lithuanian | lt | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Latvian | lv | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Macedonian | mk | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Mongolian | mn | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Marathi | mr | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Malay | ms | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Burmese | my | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Norwegian Bokmål | nb | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Dutch | nl | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Polish | pl | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Portuguese | pt | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Romanian | ro | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Russian | ru | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Slovak | sk | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Slovenian | sl | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Albanian | sq | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Serbian | sr | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Swedish | sv | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Thai | th | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Turkish | tr | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Ukrainian | uk | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Urdu | ur | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Vietnamese | vi | unverified | tuned per the model card, not independently re-verified by this fixture set Part of sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2's published tuning list (https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2/raw/main/README.md). |
| Filipino / Tagalog | tl | verified | 20/20 items passed the discriminability test (cosine(Taglish, correct paraphrase) > cosine(Taglish, unrelated)) against Xenova/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2, average gap 0.428. This supports 'the model can tell a Taglish sentence's real paraphrase apart from an unrelated sentence' (a ranking/discriminability claim) -- not 'the model understands Taglish' (a semantic-accuracy claim); cosine similarity is not semantic equivalence. Verified for urban, casual Taglish chat register only (this fixture's 20 items) — not tested against regional-language-inflected code-switching (Bisaya/Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, etc.), formal Filipino, or heavy-abbreviation text-speak. Measured against the multilingual model (opt-in); the default English-only model was never claimed to support Filipino. |
Every language above except English is only tuned per the underlying model's training, not independently re-verified by this project's own tests — Filipino/Tagalog is the one deliberate exception, tested directly (see the code-switch-taglish fixture). A language absent from this table entirely is not in the model's published tuning list at all.